Following the Lok Sabha's approval of a bill that lets the government authorize Merchant Discount Rates (MDR) for UPI payments, the Payments Council of India (PCI) has explained who is responsible for UPI's operational costs. The PCI noted that running UPI requires ongoing spending on tech infrastructure, security measures, fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and user support. Currently, these expenses are handled by banks, the NPCI, and various payment platforms such as Google Pay and Paytm.
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